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Закономерности затухания ускорений в Западных Гималаях
1 Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН
2 Индийский технологический институт, Хайдарабад
3 Национальный технологический институт, Агартала
2 Индийский технологический институт, Хайдарабад
3 Национальный технологический институт, Агартала
Журнал: Вопросы инженерной сейсмологии
Том: 46
Номер: 2
Год: 2019
Страницы: 74-86
УДК: 550.34 + 550.341
DOI: 10.21455/VIS2019.2-7
Ключевые слова: пиковое ускорение, магнитуда, расстояние, механизм очага, грунтовые условия, затухание, сильные движения, сейсмотектоника, Западные Гималаи, Гархвал
Аннотация: Оценки сейсмических воздействий для инженерных расчетов сейсмостойкости сооружений начинаются с оценки сейсмической опасности. С этой целью сейсмологическими и сейсмотектоническими исследованиями выделяются сейсмогенерирующие структуры, для которых оцениваются максимально возможные магнитуды, повторяемость магнитуд, типы подвижек по разлому, расстояния от разломов до строительного объекта и грунтовые условия на строительной площадке. Затем необходимо оценить изменения амплитуд ускорений с расстоянием - выявить закономерности затухания пиковых ускорений. В статье рассматриваются различные методики оценки законов затухания ускорений с расстоянием. Показано, что наивысшую точность имеют эмпирические оценки средних значений амплитуд для различных расстояний. При этом никаких заданных априори выражений для описания кривых затухания амплитуд не применяется. В Институте физики Земли (Москва) по мировым данным показано, что в инженерном диапазоне ускорений выделяются три зоны, различающиеся затуханием и зависимостями от механизма очага и грунтовых условий. Каждой зоне соответствует свое уравнение затухания. Для каждого уравнения оценено соответствующее среднеквадратичное отклонение. Методика оценки затуханий по эмпирическим данным применена для района Гархвал Гималайского сейсмического пояса. Использованы записи сильных движений, зарегистрированные при сильных землетрясениях рассматриваемого района Индии: Дхарамсала (26.04.1986, M
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