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СТОХАСТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОТЯЖЕННОГО ОЧАГА ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ХАРАКТЕРИЗАЦИИ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ
1. ОБОСНОВАНИЕ И ОБЩАЯ СТРУКТУРА АЛГОРИТМА
Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН
Журнал: Вопросы инженерной сейсмологии
Том: 40
Номер: 1
Год: 2013
Страницы: 5-18
Ключевые слова: моделирование, расчетная схема, очаговые спектры, бегущая полоска, распространение разрыва, субисточники, сценарные землетрясения
Аннотация: СТОХАСТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОТЯЖЕННОГО ОЧАГА ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ХАРАКТЕРИЗАЦИИ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ
1. ОБОСНОВАНИЕ И ОБЩАЯ СТРУКТУРА АЛГОРИТМА
Список литературы: Гусев А.А. Описательная статистическая модель излучения очага землетрясения и ее применение к оценке короткопериодного сильного движения // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1984. № 1. С. 3-22.
Гусев А.А. Модель очага землетрясения со множеством неровностей // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1988. № 1. С. 41-55.
Гусев А.А. Статистика значений нормированной подвижки в точках разлома - очага землетрясения // Физика Земли. 2011. № 3. С. 24-33.
Гусев А.А. Фрактальный очаг землетрясения с зоной скольжения порождает временные функции ускорения с плоскими спектрами // Докл. РАН. 2012. 2013. Т. 448, № 4. С. 465-467.
Гусев А.А., Петухин А.Г. Расчетная схема для прогнозирования параметров колебаний грунта при землетрясениях // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1995. № 4/5. С. 182-192.
Гусев A.A., Шумилина Л.С. Моделирование связи балл-магнитуда-расстояние на основе представления о некогерентном протяженном очаге // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1999. № 4/5. С. 29-40.
Копничев Ю.Ф., Шпилькер Г.Л. Параметры высокочастотного излучения очага землетрясения и модель сильного движения // Докл. АН СССР. 1978. Т. 239, № 2. С. 293-296.
Костров Б.В. Механика очага тектонического землетрясения. М.: Наука, 1975. 176 с.
Шебалин Н.В. Замечания о преобладающем периоде, спектре и очаге сильного землетрясения // Вопр. инж. сейсмологии. 1971. Вып. 14. С. 50-78.
Aki K. Scaling law of seismic spectrum // J. Geophys. Res. 1967. V. 72, N 4. P. 1217-1231.
Andrews D.J. A stochastic fault model: 1. Static case // J. Geophys. Res. 1980. V. 85, N B7. P. 3867-3877.
Andrews D.J. A stochastic fault model: 2. Time-dependent case // J. Geophys. Res. 1981. V. 86. P. 10831-10834.
Beresnev I.A., Atkinson G.M. Generic finite-fault model for ground-motion prediction in Eastern North America // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1999. V. 89, N 3. P. 608-625.
Bernard P., Madariaga R. A new asymptotic method for the modeling of near-field accelerograms // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1984. V. 74, N 2. P. 539-557.
Beroza G. C., Mikumo T. Short slip duration in dynamic rupture in the presence of heterogeneous fault properties //J. Geophys. Res. 1996. V. 101, N B10. P. 22449-22460.
Blandford R.R. A source theory for complex earthquakes // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1975. V. 65, N 5. P. 1385-1405.
Boatwright J. A dynamic model for far-field acceleration // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1982. V. 72, N 4. P. 1049-1068.
Boatwright J., Choy G.L., Seekins L.C. Regional estimates of radiated seismic energy // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 2002. V. 92, N 4. P. 1241-1255.
Boore D.M. Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of radiated spectra // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1983. V. 73, 6А. P. 1865-1894.
Boore D.M. Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2003. V. 160. P. 635-676.
Brune J.N. Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes // J. Geophys. Res. 1970. V. 75, N 26. P. 4997-5009.
Das S., Kostrov B.V. Breaking of a single asperity: rupture process and seismic radiation // J. Geophys. Res. 1983. V. 88, N B5. P. 4277-4288.
Das S., Kostrov B.V. An investigation of the complexity of the earthquake source time function using dynamic faulting models // J. Geophys. Res. 1988. V. 93, N B7. P. 8035-8050.
Day S.M., Gonzalez S.H., Anooshehpoor R., Brune J.N. Scale-model and numerical simulations of near-fault seismic directivity // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 2008. V. 98, N 3. P. 1186-1206. doi: 10.1785/0120070190.
Dreger D., Nadeau R.M., Chung A. Repeating earthquake finite source models: Strong asperities revealed on the San Andreas Fault // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007. V. 34. L23302. 5 p. doi:10.1029/2007GL031353.
Gusev A.A. Descriptive statistical model of earthquake source radiation and its application to an estimation of short-period strong motion // Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 1983. V. 74, is. 3. P. 787-808.
Gusev A.A. Multiasperity fault model and the nature of short-period subsources // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1989. V. 130, N 4. P. 635-660.
Gusev A.A. Broadband kinematic stochastic simulation of an earthquake source: A refined procedure for application in seismic hazard studies // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2011. V. 168, N 1/2. P. 155-200.
Gusev A.A. High-frequency radiation from an earthquake fault: A review and a hypothesis of fractal rupture front geometry // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2012. V. 170,. P. 65-93. doi: 10.1007/s00024-012-0455-y.
Gusev A.A., Pavlov V.M. Deconvolution of squared velocity waveform as applied to study of non-coherent short-period radiator in earthquake source // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1991. V. 136, 2/3. P. 235-244.
Hanks T.C. b values and wg seismic source models: Implication for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion // J. Geophys. Res. 1979. V. 84, N B5. P. 2235-2242.
Hanks T.C., McGuire R.K. The character of high-frequency strong ground motion // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1981. V. 71, 6. P. 2071-2095.
Hartzell S., Harmsen S., Frankel A., Larsen S. Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1999. V. 89, N 6. P. 1484-1504.
Hartzell S., Guatteri M., Mai P.M., Liu P.-Ch., Fisk M. Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion. Pt. II. Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 Northridge earthquake // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 2005. V. 95, N 2. P. 614-645.
Haskell N.A. Total energy and energy spectral density of elastic wave radiation from propagating faults // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1964. V. 54, 6. P. 1811-1841.
Haskell N.A. Total energy and energy spectral density of elastic wave radiation from propagating faults. Pt. II. A stochastic fault model // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1966. V. 56, 1. P. 125-140.
Heaton T.H. Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture // Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1990. V. 64, is. 1. P. 1-20.
Herrero A., Bernard P. A kinematic self-similar rupture process for earthquakes // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1994. V. 84, N 4. P. 1216-1228.
Housner G.W. Properties of strong ground motion earthquakes // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1955. V. 45, N 3. P. 197-218.
Ide S., Takeo M. Determination of constitutive relations of fault-slip based on seismic wave analysis // J. Geophys. Res. 1997. V. 102, N B12. P. 379-391.
Irikura K. Predicting strong ground motions with a «Recipe» // Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo. 2006. V. 81, N 3/4. P. 341-352.
Irikura K., Kamae K. Estimation of strong ground motion in broad-frequency band based on a seismic source scaling model and an empirical Green¢s function technique // Ann. di Geof. 1994. V. 37, N 6. P. 1721-1743.
Koyama J. Earthquake source time-function from coherent and incoherent rupture // Tectonophysics. 1985. V. 118, is. 3/4. P. 227-242.
Ohno S., Ohta T., Ikeura T., Takemura M. Revision of attenuation formula considering the effect of fault size to evaluate strong-motion spectra in near field // Tectonophysics. 1993. V. 218, is. 1-3. P. 69-81.
Papageorgiou A.S., Aki K. A specific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of the strong ground motion. Pt. I. Description of the model // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1983a. V. 73, N 3. P. 693-722.
Papageorgiou A.S., Aki K. A specific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion. Pt. II. Applications of the model // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1983b. V. 73, N 4. P. 953-978.
Papageorgiou A.S., Aki K. Scaling law of far-field spectra based on observed parameters of the specific barrier model // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1985. V. 123, N 3. P. 353-374.
Parvez I.A., Gusev A.A., Panza G.F., Petukhin A.G. Preliminary determination of the interdependence among strong-motion amplitude, earthquake magnitude and hypocentral distance for the Himalayan region // Geophys. J. Inter. 2001. V. 144, is. 3. P. 577-596.
Petukhin A.G., Gusev A.A. The duration-distance relationship and average envelope shapes of small Kamchatka earthquakes // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2003. V. 160. P. 1717-1743.
Silberschmidt V.V. Dynamics and scaling characteristics of shear crack propagation // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2000. V. 157, N 4. P. 523-538.
Singh S.K., Ordaz M., Anderson J.G., Rodriguez M., Quaas R., Mena E., Ottaviani M., Almora D. Analysis of near source strong-motion recordings along the Mexican subduction zone // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1989. V. 79, 6. P. 1697-1717.
Somerville P., Irikura K., Graves R., Sawada S., Wald D., Abrahamson N., Iwasaki Y., Kagawa T., Smith N., Kowada A. Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong motion // Seism. Res. Lett. 1999. V. 70, 1. P. 59-80.
Spudich P., Frazer L.N. Use of ray theory to calculate high-frequency radiation from earthquake sources having spatially variable rupture velocity and stress drop // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1984. V. 74, N 6. P. 2061-2082.
Trifunac M.D., Lee V.W. Empirical models for scaling Fourier amplitude spectra of strong ground acceleration in terms of earthquake magnitude source to station distance, site intensiti and recording site conditions // Soil Dinamics and Earthquake Eng. 1989. V. 8, N 3. P. 110-125.
Tsai C.-C.P. Ground motion modeling for seismic hazard analysis in the near-source regime: an asperity model // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1997. V. 149, N 2. P. 265-297.
Zeng Y., Anderson J.G., Yu G. A composite source model for computing realistic synthetic strong ground motions // Geoph. Res. Lett. 1994. V. 21, N 8. P. 725-728.
Zollo A., Bobbio A., Emolo A., Herrero A., De Natale G. Modelling of ground acceleration in the near source range: the case of 1976, Friuli earthquake (M = 6.5), Northern Italy // J. Seismol. 1997. V. 1, N 4. P. 305-319.
Гусев А.А. Модель очага землетрясения со множеством неровностей // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1988. № 1. С. 41-55.
Гусев А.А. Статистика значений нормированной подвижки в точках разлома - очага землетрясения // Физика Земли. 2011. № 3. С. 24-33.
Гусев А.А. Фрактальный очаг землетрясения с зоной скольжения порождает временные функции ускорения с плоскими спектрами // Докл. РАН. 2012. 2013. Т. 448, № 4. С. 465-467.
Гусев А.А., Петухин А.Г. Расчетная схема для прогнозирования параметров колебаний грунта при землетрясениях // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1995. № 4/5. С. 182-192.
Гусев A.A., Шумилина Л.С. Моделирование связи балл-магнитуда-расстояние на основе представления о некогерентном протяженном очаге // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1999. № 4/5. С. 29-40.
Копничев Ю.Ф., Шпилькер Г.Л. Параметры высокочастотного излучения очага землетрясения и модель сильного движения // Докл. АН СССР. 1978. Т. 239, № 2. С. 293-296.
Костров Б.В. Механика очага тектонического землетрясения. М.: Наука, 1975. 176 с.
Шебалин Н.В. Замечания о преобладающем периоде, спектре и очаге сильного землетрясения // Вопр. инж. сейсмологии. 1971. Вып. 14. С. 50-78.
Aki K. Scaling law of seismic spectrum // J. Geophys. Res. 1967. V. 72, N 4. P. 1217-1231.
Andrews D.J. A stochastic fault model: 1. Static case // J. Geophys. Res. 1980. V. 85, N B7. P. 3867-3877.
Andrews D.J. A stochastic fault model: 2. Time-dependent case // J. Geophys. Res. 1981. V. 86. P. 10831-10834.
Beresnev I.A., Atkinson G.M. Generic finite-fault model for ground-motion prediction in Eastern North America // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1999. V. 89, N 3. P. 608-625.
Bernard P., Madariaga R. A new asymptotic method for the modeling of near-field accelerograms // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1984. V. 74, N 2. P. 539-557.
Beroza G. C., Mikumo T. Short slip duration in dynamic rupture in the presence of heterogeneous fault properties //J. Geophys. Res. 1996. V. 101, N B10. P. 22449-22460.
Blandford R.R. A source theory for complex earthquakes // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1975. V. 65, N 5. P. 1385-1405.
Boatwright J. A dynamic model for far-field acceleration // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1982. V. 72, N 4. P. 1049-1068.
Boatwright J., Choy G.L., Seekins L.C. Regional estimates of radiated seismic energy // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 2002. V. 92, N 4. P. 1241-1255.
Boore D.M. Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of radiated spectra // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1983. V. 73, 6А. P. 1865-1894.
Boore D.M. Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2003. V. 160. P. 635-676.
Brune J.N. Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes // J. Geophys. Res. 1970. V. 75, N 26. P. 4997-5009.
Das S., Kostrov B.V. Breaking of a single asperity: rupture process and seismic radiation // J. Geophys. Res. 1983. V. 88, N B5. P. 4277-4288.
Das S., Kostrov B.V. An investigation of the complexity of the earthquake source time function using dynamic faulting models // J. Geophys. Res. 1988. V. 93, N B7. P. 8035-8050.
Day S.M., Gonzalez S.H., Anooshehpoor R., Brune J.N. Scale-model and numerical simulations of near-fault seismic directivity // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 2008. V. 98, N 3. P. 1186-1206. doi: 10.1785/0120070190.
Dreger D., Nadeau R.M., Chung A. Repeating earthquake finite source models: Strong asperities revealed on the San Andreas Fault // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007. V. 34. L23302. 5 p. doi:10.1029/2007GL031353.
Gusev A.A. Descriptive statistical model of earthquake source radiation and its application to an estimation of short-period strong motion // Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 1983. V. 74, is. 3. P. 787-808.
Gusev A.A. Multiasperity fault model and the nature of short-period subsources // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1989. V. 130, N 4. P. 635-660.
Gusev A.A. Broadband kinematic stochastic simulation of an earthquake source: A refined procedure for application in seismic hazard studies // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2011. V. 168, N 1/2. P. 155-200.
Gusev A.A. High-frequency radiation from an earthquake fault: A review and a hypothesis of fractal rupture front geometry // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2012. V. 170,. P. 65-93. doi: 10.1007/s00024-012-0455-y.
Gusev A.A., Pavlov V.M. Deconvolution of squared velocity waveform as applied to study of non-coherent short-period radiator in earthquake source // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1991. V. 136, 2/3. P. 235-244.
Hanks T.C. b values and wg seismic source models: Implication for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion // J. Geophys. Res. 1979. V. 84, N B5. P. 2235-2242.
Hanks T.C., McGuire R.K. The character of high-frequency strong ground motion // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1981. V. 71, 6. P. 2071-2095.
Hartzell S., Harmsen S., Frankel A., Larsen S. Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1999. V. 89, N 6. P. 1484-1504.
Hartzell S., Guatteri M., Mai P.M., Liu P.-Ch., Fisk M. Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion. Pt. II. Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 Northridge earthquake // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 2005. V. 95, N 2. P. 614-645.
Haskell N.A. Total energy and energy spectral density of elastic wave radiation from propagating faults // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1964. V. 54, 6. P. 1811-1841.
Haskell N.A. Total energy and energy spectral density of elastic wave radiation from propagating faults. Pt. II. A stochastic fault model // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1966. V. 56, 1. P. 125-140.
Heaton T.H. Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture // Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1990. V. 64, is. 1. P. 1-20.
Herrero A., Bernard P. A kinematic self-similar rupture process for earthquakes // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1994. V. 84, N 4. P. 1216-1228.
Housner G.W. Properties of strong ground motion earthquakes // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1955. V. 45, N 3. P. 197-218.
Ide S., Takeo M. Determination of constitutive relations of fault-slip based on seismic wave analysis // J. Geophys. Res. 1997. V. 102, N B12. P. 379-391.
Irikura K. Predicting strong ground motions with a «Recipe» // Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo. 2006. V. 81, N 3/4. P. 341-352.
Irikura K., Kamae K. Estimation of strong ground motion in broad-frequency band based on a seismic source scaling model and an empirical Green¢s function technique // Ann. di Geof. 1994. V. 37, N 6. P. 1721-1743.
Koyama J. Earthquake source time-function from coherent and incoherent rupture // Tectonophysics. 1985. V. 118, is. 3/4. P. 227-242.
Ohno S., Ohta T., Ikeura T., Takemura M. Revision of attenuation formula considering the effect of fault size to evaluate strong-motion spectra in near field // Tectonophysics. 1993. V. 218, is. 1-3. P. 69-81.
Papageorgiou A.S., Aki K. A specific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of the strong ground motion. Pt. I. Description of the model // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1983a. V. 73, N 3. P. 693-722.
Papageorgiou A.S., Aki K. A specific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion. Pt. II. Applications of the model // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1983b. V. 73, N 4. P. 953-978.
Papageorgiou A.S., Aki K. Scaling law of far-field spectra based on observed parameters of the specific barrier model // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1985. V. 123, N 3. P. 353-374.
Parvez I.A., Gusev A.A., Panza G.F., Petukhin A.G. Preliminary determination of the interdependence among strong-motion amplitude, earthquake magnitude and hypocentral distance for the Himalayan region // Geophys. J. Inter. 2001. V. 144, is. 3. P. 577-596.
Petukhin A.G., Gusev A.A. The duration-distance relationship and average envelope shapes of small Kamchatka earthquakes // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2003. V. 160. P. 1717-1743.
Silberschmidt V.V. Dynamics and scaling characteristics of shear crack propagation // Pure Appl. Geophys. 2000. V. 157, N 4. P. 523-538.
Singh S.K., Ordaz M., Anderson J.G., Rodriguez M., Quaas R., Mena E., Ottaviani M., Almora D. Analysis of near source strong-motion recordings along the Mexican subduction zone // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1989. V. 79, 6. P. 1697-1717.
Somerville P., Irikura K., Graves R., Sawada S., Wald D., Abrahamson N., Iwasaki Y., Kagawa T., Smith N., Kowada A. Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong motion // Seism. Res. Lett. 1999. V. 70, 1. P. 59-80.
Spudich P., Frazer L.N. Use of ray theory to calculate high-frequency radiation from earthquake sources having spatially variable rupture velocity and stress drop // Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1984. V. 74, N 6. P. 2061-2082.
Trifunac M.D., Lee V.W. Empirical models for scaling Fourier amplitude spectra of strong ground acceleration in terms of earthquake magnitude source to station distance, site intensiti and recording site conditions // Soil Dinamics and Earthquake Eng. 1989. V. 8, N 3. P. 110-125.
Tsai C.-C.P. Ground motion modeling for seismic hazard analysis in the near-source regime: an asperity model // Pure Appl. Geophys. 1997. V. 149, N 2. P. 265-297.
Zeng Y., Anderson J.G., Yu G. A composite source model for computing realistic synthetic strong ground motions // Geoph. Res. Lett. 1994. V. 21, N 8. P. 725-728.
Zollo A., Bobbio A., Emolo A., Herrero A., De Natale G. Modelling of ground acceleration in the near source range: the case of 1976, Friuli earthquake (M = 6.5), Northern Italy // J. Seismol. 1997. V. 1, N 4. P. 305-319.
